Association football

The game of association football, also called soccer or football is a sport played by teams that is played using a spherical ball between two teams with 11 players. There are around 250 million players across 200 countries and countries of dependencies which makes it the world's most viewed game. This game takes place on a square field known as the pitch, with goals at both ends. The aim in the sport is to get more goals than the opponents by pushing the ball past the goal line to the goal in opposition, usually within a time period that is 90 or more minutes.

Football is played in compliance with a set rules referred to in The Laws of the Game. The ball measures between 68 and 70 cm (27-28 inches) in diameter and is referred to by the name football. Teams compete to kick the ball into the goal of the other team (between the post, and beneath the bar) and thus scoring the goal. Players aren't allowed to touch the ball using hands or arms when the ball is in play except for goalkeepers in the penalty area. Players can use any other area of the body for striking or throw the ball and most of the time, their feet. The team with the most goals at the conclusion of the game is declared the winner If both teams score an equal amount of goals and a draw has been declared, or the game is put to extra time as a penalty shootout in accordance with the rules of the game. Each team is headed by a captain who is the only legal responsibility, as stipulated by the Laws of the Game: to represent the team at the coin toss before kick-off and penalty kicks.

Internationally, the game of football is managed through the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; French: Federation Internationale de Football Association) that organizes World Cups for men and women every four years. Men's FIFA World Cup has taken place every four years since 1930 and was only interrupted by the tournaments in 1942 and 1946 that were canceled because of World War II. About 190-200 national teams compete in qualifying tournaments that fall within the scope of continental confederations in order to gain an opportunity to play to play in the championship. The finals tournament takes place every four years and features 32 national teams playing for four weeks. This is by far the most highly regarded men's football event in the world and is the most watched and watched sporting event around the globe surpassing those of the Olympic Games. Similar to this year's FIFA Women's World Cup has been held annually since. However, football is played by women for as long as it was first introduced. The record-breaking 1.12 billion people were watching the 2018 FIFA Women's World Cup in France.

The most prestigious tournaments within European clubs is the UEFA Champions League and UEFA Women's Champions League that draw a large viewers from all over the world. The men's final tournament has been, in recent times the most watched sport event in the world. Top five European men's leagues include the Premier League (England), La Liga (Spain), Bundesliga (Germany), Serie A (Italy) and Ligue 1 (France). The leagues attract the best players in the world Each league is a major wage source over PS600 millions/EUR763 million/US$1.185 billion.

History

Kicking ball games have been played several times in different cultures. It is believed that the Chinese sport of competition cuju (Cu Ju, literally "kick ball") is similar to modern association football. Cuju players could utilize any part of their body, not just hands, and the aim was to kick into an opening to net. In the Han Dynasty (206 BCE - 220 CE) Cuju games were established and rules were set.

Phaininda as well as episkyros were Greek ball games that were played in the Greek. A picture of an episkyros player portrayed with low relief in a vase in the National Archaeological Museum of Athens is featured on UEFA European Championship trophy. Athenaeus who wrote his work at the time of 228CE, made reference to in 228 CE, the Roman ball game called harpastum. Phaininda episkyros, harpastum and phaininda were games played with the hands as well as violence. They all been reminiscent of wrestling, rugby or volleyball more is commonly referred to as modern football. Similar to the pre-codified "mob football" which was the precursor to the modern codes of football these three games required more of the ball being handled than kicks.

Other games were kemari in Japan and chukguk in Korea. The game was played in North America, pasuckuakohowog was an algonquian ball game. the Algonquians It is described as "almost similar to the style of football played by folk in Europe in the same period where it was played over goals".

The sport of association football is not a classic sport with a time line. In spite of the many similarities with the other games of ball played across the globe, FIFA has recognized that there is no historical connection with any other sport that was played before the age of Europe. The rules that govern association football were developed from the mid-19th century's attempts to standardize the various forms of football used in the schools in England. The background of soccer in England is traced to the 8th century CE.

The "Laws of the University Foot Ball Club" (Cambridge Rules) of 1856

The Cambridge rules, developed in 1848 at Cambridge University at the time of 1848 played a major role in the evolution of the subsequent codes, which included association football. They were the first rules to be developed by Cambridge University. Cambridge rules were drawn up in 1848 at Trinity College, Cambridge, in a session that was attended by representatives from Eton, Harrow, Rugby, Winchester and Shrewsbury schools. They weren't universally accepted. In the early 1850s, numerous clubs that were not connected to universities or schools were established across the world English-speaking, to play different forms of football. Certain clubs came up with their own rules and codes, the particularly those of the Sheffield Football Club, formed by former students of the public school in 1857. This resulted in the formation of the Sheffield FA in 1867. It was in 1862 that John Charles Thring of Uppingham School also devised an important code of conduct.

The continuous efforts of the group led to the creation of The Football Association (The FA) in 1863. The FA first was formed on the morning of 26 October 1863 in The Freemasons' Tavern in Great Queen Street, London. The only school represented at the time was Charterhouse. Its Freemasons' Tavern served as the venue for five additional meetings in the months of October and December, and ultimately produced the first comprehensive set rules. In the last meeting, one of the initial FA treasurer and representative from Blackheath was able to withdraw their club out of the FA because of the elimination of two draft rules from the previous meeting. The one allowed carrying the ball with one's the hand while the second prohibited the run through hacking (kicking an opponent's shins) as well as tripping and holding. Others English club rugby teams followed the same pattern and didn't join the FA and in 1871 they founded the Rugby Football Union. The remaining eleven club, which were in the leadership by Ebenezer Cobb Morley proceeded to approve the thirteen original rules for the game. These rules covered handling the ball with "marks" in addition to the absence of crossbars, which gave it a striking resemblance the Victorian rules football which was being developed in Australia. In the Sheffield FA, Sheffield FA played by its rules up to the 1870s, with the FA adopting some of its rules up to the point that there was no difference in the two teams.

The oldest competition in football is known as the FA Cup, which was established by the cricketer and footballer Charles W. Alcock, and has been played in the past by English clubs since the year 1872. The first international football match took place in 1872 in the midst of Scotland as well as England in Glasgow which was again at the at the instigation by C.W. Alcock. England is also the home of the first league of football in the world that was created by Birmingham around 1888, through Aston Villa director William McGregor. The initial format included 12 teams from Midlands along with Northern England.

The Aston Villa team in 1897 after having won each the FA Cup and the Football League

The rules for the game are set in the International Football Association Board (IFAB). The board was established in 1886 following a meeting at Manchester from The Football Association, the Scottish Football Association, the Football Association of Wales, and the Irish Football Association. FIFA is the world's premier sports body founded by the FIFA in Paris around 1904, and announced that they would abide by the Laws of the Game of the Football Association. The increasing global popularity of the game resulted in the admission to FIFA officials on the International Football Association Board in 1913. The board is composed of four members from FIFA along with one person from all four British associations.

Football is played on an elite level across the globe. Millions of people visit stadiums for football to watch their favorite teams, and billions of people can watch football on TV or via the internet. Many players also play on the amateur stage. According to a report conducted by FIFA that was released in 2001, more than 24 million people across over 200 countries frequently play football. Football is the sport with the largest worldwide television audience.

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Monday, January 31, 2022

Association football

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